E-Commerces Effect on B2B Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Web based businesses Effect on B2B Relations - Essay Example Associations commonly partake in more than one trade so as to get organize preferences from correlative merchandise and ventures. Partaking in a current web-empowered B2B trade permits associations to decrease their own online beginning up costs and to profit by lower client obtaining costs. (Kabir, 2004). Today, gracefully chain the executives is definitely more significant than assembling as a center capability; to such an extent that it's conceivable, as Nike and Cisco Systems have adequately illustrated, to command the market for an item without claiming to such an extent as a solitary industrial facility (Taylor, 2003). Online business-to-business (or B2B) trades are broadly utilized in business and modern divisions be it car or retailing. The Wall Street Journal (2003) revealed that US organizations burned through $482 billion in B2B exchanges, up 242% from 2001. It was anticipated that by 2006 $5.4 trillion in merchandise and ventures would be executed B2B. Bandyopadhyay et each of the (2006, 512). B2B trades bring down the expense to purchasers through the computerized idea of the obtainment procedure. Further exchange cost falls happen with the utilization of converse sales. Worth is included in light of the interoperability of the application stage among clients. Clients can design in show. Ordanini et al (2004) explored the variables which decided accomplishment for B2B electronic commercial centers or trades in Italy.They took a gander at the substance, structure and administration of an assortment of plans of action, utilizing a group investigation of the three measurements. They found that in a time of 3 years (2000-2003) B2B web based business administrators had tumbled from 120 to 40, with under half of the survivors working above make back the initial investment. Exploration shows that comparative examples have happened in the US and Europe. Ordanini et al found that private, enormous trades were commonly increasingly fruitful, due to their better capacity than create turnover contrasted with vertical specialty administrators (Ordanini et al, 2004, p281). Electronic commercial centers should be a panacea to all the ills of electronic information trade with its restrictive frameworks and 1:1 systems administration. A web based stage guaranteed disintermediation and new wellsprings of upper hand, since the Internet depended on nonexclusive open measures and significantly less expensive to utilize. Figure 2: Alternative Business Models: Output of the Cluster Analysis. Source-Ordanini et al (20

Learning Plan Essay Example for Free

Learning Plan Essay The learning plan portrayed in this paper is to have understudies banter a point identified with the Civil War. The discussion point is â€Å"Was the Emancipation Proclamation sanctioned for moral reasons or political reasons? † The primary idea of this learning plan is to have understudies work cooperatively to inquire about realities, and review and use realities from the Civil War unit to fuse into their contentions. (It ought to be noticed that the learning plan depicted in this paper will take a few classes to finish, anyway the learning plan techniques will just address the class where the discussion will happen. ) It isâ assumed that banter aptitudes were educated in a past class. The learning hypothesis absolutely fuses constructivist viewpoints. They are developing information instead of retaining it. This is constructivist approach is delineated through the collective idea of the task, just as through the examination that students’ must deliver. Regarding the utilization of innovation and media; the understudies will be told to explore one wellspring of data, from the web, identified with their contention. They should present a one-page investigation of the data in which they found alongside a references page. This must be submitted to the educator seven days before the booked discussion. The instructor will survey the substance of the paper, however the references page will likewise be significant. Instructor must assess the sorts of web sources that the understudies have utilized. The believability of the web source, and the quality of student’s research will be broke down by the educator. The reason for existing is to survey student’s conventional education and basic logical aptitudes (evaluated while assessing the substance), and data 1 2 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS proficiency/translation abilities of online material (evaluated by investigating theâ reference page). At last, the educator will hand back papers to the understudies, and he/she will train each gathering to use in any event two of their gathering members’ papers into their group’s contentions. Media and innovation will likewise be fused with the utilization of internet based life. The instructor will tell understudies that their discussions will be recorded and submitted to youtube or a tuition based school site (if issues of protection are raised). Others will be permitted to see the video to assess the quality of each team’s contentions. In light of the remarks of open watchers, a champ will be picked (by well known vote). This mainstream vote will be joined as a little rate into the evaluation. This is being done as to permit understudies to take an interest in new media openings inside an instructive setting. Learning Plan Context Setting †¢The high needs school will be a High School in the Bay Area, either in San Francisco or Oakland. †¢There will be 25-30 understudies in an individual study hall. †¢The exercise will happen the week after the Civil War unit is done. †¢It is foreseen that the unit will last around fourteen days, along these lines the discussion class will happen during the third week. The genuine discussion class will take up one class period. †¢The content territory is US History/Politics. The evaluation level is Juniors (eleventh grade). †¢In aggregate, the educational program unit is eleventh grade, US History/Politics, Civil War unit. 2 3 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS Standards †¢According to California norms for education ever/Social Studies in 6-twelfth grades. An understudy must have the option to exhibit investigation of essential and auxiliary sources, and associate these bits of knowledge to the comprehension of the entire content. This capacity will be tended to and surveyed when understudies must fuse data gained from the reading material with data picked up from the web, and use bothâ sources of data, into their discussion. The student’s capacity to embrace this assignment will be assessed by the educator with the accommodation of student’s sources, and furthermore during the discussion. (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/reports/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢ Also as per California principles, understudies must have the option to assess different clarifications for occasions and activities. This standard is shown in the idea of the action. A discussion, in itself, assesses various clarifications for one occasion, which makes it a perfect methods for tending to this norm. (http://www. cde. ca.gov/be/st/ss/reports/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) †¢Finally, as per California gauges, understudies must have the option to assess contrasting perspectives on the equivalent recorded issue. By and by, this standard is represented inside the idea of a discussion. It is likewise outlined when understudies present their own investigation of web explore (http://www. cde. ca. gov/be/st/ss/records/finalelaccssstandards. pdf. ) Learning Objective 3 4 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Students will have the option to cooperatively show their insight into Civil War arrangement, occasions and data, from the course reading and fromâ online sources, by planning contentions to be introduced inside a discussion. Learning Theory Applications †¢Constructivism is positively having an effect on everything in this exercise plan: †¢The action permits information to be sorted out into patterns, ideas, and perspectives. †¢This action is underscoring the utilization of true exercises by building information through cooperation with the conditions (web and peers), and applying it to genuine circumstances (banter). †¢The shared segment absolutely delineates constuctivism; students will enable each other to make calculated associations. †¢Finally, understudies are working self-sufficiently with the assistance of theâ teacher as facilitator, supporter, and model (Ormrod, 2006). Learning Accommodations: †¢Individualized Education Plan for Special Accomodations: In each group, all understudies will be allocated a job. For instance, â€Å"speaker†, â€Å"writer†, â€Å"time-keeper†. A student’s IEP will be thought about when allocating jobs. An understudy with an IEP, will be appointed a job that best accommodates their IEP. For instance, an understudy with ADD, might be most appropriate to be a period attendant since their ability to focus isn't as engaged. They might be restless to change the pace of the group’s conversations, and accordingly they might be anxious to monitor the time. 4 5 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS †¢Language Development needs: When allotting the web based research; the educator will give ELL understudies a site to explore to, rather than having the understudies explore the web themselves. Instructor will give unequivocal directions concerning where to look on the site so understudies don't feel also overpowered with the English language. Instructor will request that the understudies attempt to fathom a portion of the data, notwithstanding in the event that this demonstrates excessively troublesome, at that point the educator will request that the understudies discover 15-20 words from the site that the understudy didn't comprehend. The understudy will at that point discover the implications of these words in their own language. They should compose at any rate a passage about the Civil War unit fusing five of the words that they found on the web. Likewise, at any rate two of these words must be fused into the contentions of their group. †¢Gifted and Talented needs: This is a moving segment to consider on the grounds that a skilled/gifted understudy doesn't really mean a scholastic thorough understudy. To truly tailor the exercise to address the interests of a skilled/gifted understudy, at that point the instructor should be acquainted with the character of that specific understudy. In any case, a few circumstances will be tended to here. Above all else, from the exploration, the exercise itself befits that of a skilled/capable understudy. Rivalry, which portrays a discussion, ordinarily suits the idea of skilled/gifted understudies. (http://www. teachersfirst. com/gifted_strategies. cfm) The primary circumstance to consider is an understudy who is skilled/gifted, however not scholastically 5 6 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS thorough. This understudy will be given a position of authority inside his/her group. He/she might be doled out to sort out/deal with all the thoughts of the understudies. He/she is the person who will be given the rubric for what theâ teacher is evaluating while watching the team’s conversations and contentions. He/she is the supervisor, and he/she will be evaluated on their capacity to keep his/her group on task. Along these lines, this understudy isn’t essentially accomplishing more â€Å"academic† work, yet he/she is being tested in a fairly troublesome way. A subsequent circumstance to consider is to have a skilled/gifted understudy who is scholastically thorough. The instructor will give this understudy a subsequent part to add to his/her examination paper. The understudy must interface reading material and web material to the US governmental issues of today. This is expanding theâ cognitive procedure from investigate (which all understudies must do with their examination papers) to assess (Anderson and Krathwol, 2001). The understudy can decide to join this additional part into their team’s contentions. Asset Accommodations: †¢Low tech: There are no PCs, projector, or web access in the study hall. If so, educator may need to designate time in various exercises to utilize school offices where PCs are accessible. PCs must be utilized with the goal that the instructor can show understudies the sorts of sites that are believable, just as to utilize destinations, as youtube, to show understudies instances of discussions. PC use is vital so 6 7 LEARNING PLAN: HISTORY DEBATE CLASS educator may need to require some investment previously or after school to meet with understudies (who will) show them the previously mentioned sites. †¢Mid tech: One PC associated with a projector is accessible in the study hall. The educator can utilize this PC to show instances of tenable sites, a

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Oscar E. Aguado AMULAC ID# 2166 Western Civilization II DS Prof. Baxa July 30, 2013 Bismarck: Genius or fortunate Bismarck was one of the most prevailing and huge legislators of the nineteenth century. A political insight who accomplished the clearly unimaginable endeavor of binding together Germany without an ideological group to help him, in spite of an unsympathetic parliament and with no immediate authority over any military. Hisâ€Bismark†just armories were the express power of his character and his tricky capacity to impact Emperor Wilhelm I. Jonathan Steinberg’s life story investigates this clever, somewhat insane tyrant utilizing the journals and letters of his companions, partners and adversaries and he paints a picture of a man brimming with logical inconsistencies. He had terrific political dreams that were made with unpretentious techniques of political virtuoso yet his triviality and malice were rarely a long ways behind. Bismarck revered clash and he had a sense of taste for being hostile. His â€Å"slap in the face† strategy to political control was a strategy in itself that drove him all the more frequently that not to get his own particular manner. In the advanced period minds, Bismarck is caught together with a blend of Churchill and Pinochet. He was definitely not reliable however. His origination of Realpolitik implied that anything that permitted him to get his own particular manner was adequate: regardless of whether that implied joining an Evangelical Christian order as he did as a youngster giving him a beginning in legislative issues or cosying up to the Liberal party when it filled his need. He even ventured to such an extreme as flip around the Prussian political scene by embracing full male testimonial a lot to the vexation of his kindred traditionalists. The Austrian Foreign Minister Baron Rechberg summarized Bismarck’s changeable nature, when h... ...ck, through difficult work and assurance. He went through his time on earth battling progressivism and discovered normal partners in Russia and Austria, with their dictator and hostile to popularity based customs yet he was taking on a losing conflict. The reactionary absolutism that he advocated had its day when he left the political stage. The incredible man went about as a rampart contrary to liberal and fair standards while he could however when Bismarck was ignored, those standards overflowed the political field. So where did Bismarck’s virtuoso untruth precisely? He was the dad of â€Å"Realpolitik† which implied â€Å"constantly rearranging sets of options and setting up one to contend with the other.† His genuine virtuoso lay in his cleverness, shrewd and feeling of political planning †however most importantly in his eagerness to face challenges and be amazingly forceful. Never has the power of character alone accomplished to such an extent

Tyranny and Identity in Everyday Use - Literature Essay Samples

Human rights activist Alice Walker is one of the most highly noted authors of the twentieth century. Her stories and poems are inspiring to many people. â€Å"Everyday Use† is, by far, one of the most motivational and controversial of her works. Many, since its publication in the early seventies, have criticized and praised this work for its accuracy on the difficulties of being an African-American woman. However, this work takes both sides of the spectrum into account. On one hand a mother is facing the obstacle of accepting her daughter’s solution to her own identity crisis, and on the other a daughter is rising above the oppression that held and still holds her race and gender down at the expense of losing the respect of her family. Through symbolism and characterization, Walker brings to light the importance of overcoming tyranny and identity crises. Each character within â€Å"Everyday Use† is enduring an internal struggle, however Dee seems to be having the most trouble. Since a young age, she has been different from her mother and sister. It was noted that she was never satisfied with the house she lived in and she always tried to better herself in terms of education. Her ideals are typical of the 1960s and 70s. Many ridiculous laws and restrictions on African-Americans had finally been lifted; black power was in full swing. Young people were inspired to take action and break free from what had been holding their families back since they came into this country hundreds of years before. One important idea, pointed out by Susan Farrell, is that the story is told through the mother’s eyes. Everything we know about Dee is her mother’s opinion of her â€Å" We must remember from the beginning that the story is told by Mama; the perceptions are filtered through her mind and her views of her two daughters are no t to be accepted uncritically†. This leads the reader to question whether Dee is really as terrible as Mama makes her out to be. Perhaps, Mama simply doesn’t understand the new way of life and is opposed to change, maybe it scares her. This would certainly affect the portrayal of Dee. Dee is plainly a product of her time, a woman determined to rise above the depression of her people and become something better. This is conveyed through the clothes she wears, the language she has adopted, as well as the new name she has taken. She is attempting to free herself from the chains of society. However, Dee is not right in the ways that she treats her family. At times, she is completely selfish and quite harsh. She continually casts her mother and sister aside and makes them feel ignorant and useless. This is conveyed several times throughout the story: â€Å"She wrote me once that no matter where we â€Å"choose† to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will ne ver bring her friends.† and â€Å"She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the serious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about the understand.† Dee has not been very kind to her family in this respect, and it is easy to understand her mother’s judgment of her. For a moment, in the latter half of the story, the reader believes that Dee might just not be so bad. She takes interest in objects around the house (especially the quilts), one thinks she might possibly have embraced part of her history, however it has brought to light that she wants them for decoration. Understandingly, from Mama’s point of view, this is upsetting. Traditionally, this is not something that black folks would do. Quilts are meant for everyday use. Nonetheless, this is Dee’s way of coping with the turbulent world around her and her effort s to better herself while still holding on to her heritage, so as to remind her where she came from (Walker, Farrell). Just as Dee, Maggie is partially incorrectly portrayed as well. It is true that her sister seems to walk all over her, but this is entirely because of Maggie’s passive personality. As a young child she was burned in a house fire, and she seems to be ashamed of her scars and withdrawn because of all that has happened. This is a simply explanation for why she gives the impression of being afraid of her sister and even runs away from her when she comes to visit â€Å" Maggie attempts to make a dash for the house, in her shuffling way, but I stay her with my hand†. This quote brings about a great point that Mama appears to always be controlling Maggie. Perhaps, Mama is overly controlling and protective towards Maggie because of her scars and her (Mama’s) lack of control over Dee. Mama also seems as if she â€Å" is projecting her own anger and frustration onto her younger daughter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Not once does Maggie voice her own opinion of Dee: she makes small actio ns like a noise or dropping an object. Walker gives the impression of Maggie being more of a plot device or an object rather than an actual character. Maggie is like a tool that Mama uses to project her own trials and tribulations (Tuten 179, Walker). Mama is probably somewhere in her forties and has lived in a much different time than Maggie and Dee. When she was young, she had very few liberties as an African-American woman. Though Dee and Maggie’s generation has a long way to go, Mama’s generation went through a lot more. Her parents and their parents were likely sharecroppers, and though they may not have been slaves, they had virtually no rights. The 1960s completely transformed the world for African-Americans. Mama has not yet begun to understand this, she is still thinking in the way she has been taught to think. She would not look a white man in the eye â€Å"Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them†. Just as with Dee, Mama is a product of her generation, which leads into why she treats her children the way she does. Dee’s behavior is shock ing to her mother, just as with every parent/child relationship in every culture. She is the epitome of a typical â€Å"rebellious teenager†, or adolescent, except that she is actually beginning a revolution. Dee had to choose her family or a life â€Å"†¦making it, for Dee, and no doubt many others, had a price. The force required to stare the white world down was equaled by the intensity of a gaze, which burned her links to her past† and thus Mama must try to best to deal with this fact, which is very hard for her. Maggie, on the other hand, never disappoints Mama. She is simple and will lead a simple life; she is not threatening to Mama. Mama also has great sympathy for Maggie because of how she has been burned and is still affected by it in everyday life. She tries to protect her the best she can (Walker, Whitsitt 448). Though the personalities of these three characters are important to the story, they are not the most important part. The symbolism throughout this story is extremely significant. The first essential piece of symbolism is the yard â€Å"A yard like this is more comfortable than most people know. It is not just a yard. It is like an extended living room†. This yard is representative of Mama and Maggie’s simple life. Most people would think of a yard as either a decorative accent to their home or a place to play, but to them it is an extension of their house. They spend quite a bit of time here, just enjoying the breeze. The second piece of symbolism is the orchid â€Å"She pins on my dress a large orchid, even though she has told me once that she thinks orchids are tacky flowers†. Mama is dreaming in this sentence, but this gives the reader insight into what she is thinking. She is explaining how Dee would want her to look, but she is also fantasizing here that Dee would pin an orchid on her dress, which is a figurative example of how much Mama wants Dee to accept and respect her as a mother. While these are great examples of symbolism, the most crucial symbol in this entire story is the quilts in the end of the story. The quilts are meaningful to Dee, Mama and Maggie in different ways. To Dee, â€Å"The quilts†¦ link her generation to prior generations, and thus they represent the larger African American past. The quilts contain scraps of dresses worn by the grandmother and even the great-grandmother, as well as a piece of the uniform worn by the great-grandfather who served in the union Army†¦Ã¢â‚¬  they are a work of art to her; memorabilia of her family’s past and she wishes to hang them on the walls as so. However, to Mama and Maggie (who as far as the reader knows have the same ideals), these quilts mean roughly the same as far as remembering the family’s past, but they would like to remember their family in a different way. They would use the quilts as they were intended to be used, on beds and to keep warm. They prefer to remember their family in comfort and practicality. To them, it would be gauche to hang a quilt on a wall. With this â€Å"†¦ the reader, if not the daughter, sees clearly that it is the mother who truly understands and promotes the continuation of their ‘heritage’† (Bauer 150, Cowart 172, Walker). â€Å"Everyday Use† has an abundant amount of great examples of characterization and symbolism. Each character was developed with their separate ideals and struggles and each holding onto their past the best they can â€Å"†¦women in Walker’s story are survivors who have attempted to make whole lives out of scraps†. However, it seems as though, in the end, Mama has rid her and Maggie of Dee altogether. Dee strove so hard to rid herself of oppression that she drove her own family away. It is important to realize that hardships are a part of any journey that must not be forgotten, or simply hung on a wall like artwork (Pierce-Baker 256). Works Cited Bauer, Margaret D. Alice Walker: Another Southern Writer Criticizing Codes Not Put to Use. Studies in Short Fiction (1992): 143-51. Galileo. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Cowart, David. Critical Essays on Alice Walker. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Contributions in Afro-American and African Studies. Galileo. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Farrell, Susan. Fight vs. Flight: A Re-Evaluation of Dee in Alice Walkers Everyday Use' Studies in Short Fiction (1998): 179-86. No Records. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Pierce-Baker, Charlotte, and Houston A. Baker, Jr. Patches: Quilts and Community in Alice Walkers Everyday Use' The Southern Review (1985): 706-20. Galileo. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Tuten, Nancy. Alice Walkers Everyday Use Explicator 51.2 (1993): 125-28. Galileo. Web. 19 Apr. 2014. Whitsitt, Sam. In Spite of It All: Reading Alice Walkers Everyday Use African American Review (n.d.): 443-59. Galileo. Web. 27 Apr. 2014.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 922 Words

According to information collected by the drug policy alliance organization, it shows heavy financial spending â€Å"amount spent annually in the U.S. on the war on drugs: more than $51,000,000,000†. ? Have you ever been in trouble for smoking marijuana? Do you know someone that is in jail for possession of marijuana? This is an issue that has become prevalent in recent years. The whole country along with its citizen is divided on legalization of marijuana. ? How marijuana became illegal is by a tax act. The citizens that desired to consume marijuana had to pay a marijuana tax act. Most people didn’t pay the tax act and that led to prison time and hefty fines. A drug prohibition was initiated and targeting marijuana. Anslinger who is the commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotic had tried to eradicate marijuana with great prejudice. In 1952 nearly all states had established their own anti-narcotic laws. The legalization of Marijuana would yield revenue, make jails less crowed and slow cartel activity. If Nebraska would legalize marijuana, it would achieve revenue. There are only four states in the United States that have legalized it and have been making millions of dollars. According to author Seth Motel has discovered that â€Å"Four states – Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska – and the District of Columbia have passed measures to legalize marijuana use, while an additional 14 states have decriminalized certain amounts of marijuana possession†. A lot of businesses wouldShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recre ational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. 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In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

Human Social Perception Of Social Psychology - 870 Words

Human Social Perception in Empirical Literature Human social perception is area of study within social psychology that involves the complex cognitive system that is personal to each individual. Since each person has a unique cognitive system, interpretation of social situations is unique to each individual. The differences in cognition and perception between different people allows for varied interpretations, accurate perceptions, and misperceptions. Social perception is an interesting topic that has been largely researched by a multitude of social psychologists. The goal of this paper is to provide a brief description of social psychology, a summary of social perception, some of its forms and uses, misperception, and accuracy in perception. Brief Description of Social Psychology Social psychology is the scientific field that focuses on the individual within society. Due to this individualistic focus, people are often studied experimentally within or in relation to social environments. â€Å"Social psychology studies the effects of social processes and cognitive processes on the way individuals perceive, influence, and relate to others, in a systematic way, using scientific methods† (Smith Mackie, 2007). Due to the complexity of the human body and mind, social psychology is a vast field that has been explored by many experts. As social creatures, people interact constantly within an environment that requires complex cognitive and perceptual processes. As a result, theShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. 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Applications of Psychology Behavior Behavioral medicine began as a continuation of Medical Psychology model, and highlights the role of learned behavior

Byzantine Empire Essay Example For Students

Byzantine Empire Essay HISTORY 1111 World Civilization Name: __________________________Date: __________________ Score: _______ 1 The most important ingredient in the making of a distinct European civilization was the (A) political legacy of Rome (B) philosopical legacy of Greece (C) synthesizing power of Christianity (D) traditions of the Germanic tribes 2 St.Paul used the term ekklesia to refer to (A) a parish church (B) the Mediterranean-wide assembly of Jesus’ followers (C) the office and officials of the Christian religion (D) the building in which Christians worshipped 3 The Byzantine emperor Justinian is most famous for his (A) reconquest of Italy (B) conversion of the Slavic peoples (C) contributions to Christian theology (D) code of law 4 The value which Germanic tribes ascribed to the worth of individual members was known as the (A) doom (B) gentes (C) comitatus (D) wergeld The iconoclastic controversy (A) had little impact beyond theology (B) reconciled the pope and the patriarch (C) settl ed the issue of church-state relations in Byzantium (D) led to further separation between western Europe and Byzantium 6 Assimilation was the process of (A) integrating the Christian church into the Roman state (B) reconciling Christian theology with Classical philosophy (C) first converting the kings and chiefs of pagans (D) using the similarities between pagan and Christian customs to facilitate conversion According to Ambrose of Milan and Pope Gelasius I, a well-ordered Christian society depended upon the (A) supremacy of the secular authority (B) supremacy of ecclesiastic authority (C) adoption of the Arian concept of the relationship between church and state (D) mutual responsibility of the secular and religious authorities 8 The Arian heresy asserted the concept (A) of the supremacy of the bishop of Rome (B) that Christ’s nature lay between God and humanity (C) that God and Christ were co-equals (D) that the church was subordinate to the emperor The organizational struc ture of the early Christian church was based on the (A) teachings of Paul of Tarsus (B) boundaries between the various Germanic tribes (C) administrative divisions of the Roman Empire (D) reforms of St. Augustine of Hippo 10 All of the following factors influenced pagan rulers to convert to Christianity except (A) the persuasion of a Christian wife (B) the warrior-nature of many of the early Christian missionaries (C) the possible acquisition of literate assistants (D) its use as an ideological basis for their rule 1 Penitentials seemed to be most concerned with (A) sexual trangressions (B) crimes of property (C) instilling the teachings of Jesus into the hearts of new Christians (D) suppressing heretical views 12 The success of the Frankish kingdom was most likely the result of (A) divine intervention (B) the Franks’ alliance with the Byzantine Empire (C) the acquisition of Roman Gaul, with its administrative machinery intact (D) the diversion of Islamic invasions in Spain 3 The success of Constantinople at resisting attacks resulted from all of the following except (A) the weakness of its enemies (B) strong military leadership (C) its fortifications (D) its geographic location 14 Under the influence of Christian writers such as Tertullian and St. We will write a custom essay on Byzantine Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now John Chrysostom, Christianity became a(n) (A) egalitarian religion (B) amalgamation of Jesus’ teachings and Greek philosophy (C) misogynist, sex-negative religion (D) a syncretic religion, incorporating pagan rituals nd beliefs 15 In The City of God, St. Augustine stated that (A) the church was free from sin (B) tainted priests could not administer the sacraments (C) secular states were unnecessary (D) history is the account of God acting in time 16 In The Confessions, St. Augustine of Hippo suggested that (A) Christianity should adopt the Donatist view of priesthood (B) secular states were unnecessary (C) Greeks and Romans had nothing to offer Christians (D) humans have an innate tendency to sin 7 The monasteries of the Byzantine East (A) provided important social services (B) were often in conflict with the state (C) adopted the Bendictine rule (D) had little impact on the Greek church 18 The separation between Germanic West and Byzantine East resulted from all of the follo wing factors except (A) religions tensions between East and West (B) differences in the way in which both Christianity and Classical culture were received (C) expansion of the Arabs into the Mediterranean (D) Byzantine refusal to defend the eastern frontier of Europe 9 Penitentials were (A) the prayers required of sinners (B) Celtic monks who Christianized Scotland (C) manuals that guided the assignment of penance (D) days on which sinners were supposed to fast 20 The success of The Rule of Saint Benedict was the result of its (A) emphasis on spirituality (B) allegiance to the bishop of Rome (C) moderation and adaptability (D) rejection of Classical ideals 21 Military units composed of and led by free barbarians were called (A) laeti (B) foederati (C) gentes (D) comitati 2 According to the account of Gregory of Tours, in â€Å"Listening to the Past,† Clovis converted to Christianity (A) in order to win a battle (B) to ensure his eternal salvation (C) because his wife was a Ch ristian (D) because his people demanded it 23 In early Germanic villages, a man’s wealth and social status were based on (A) his relationship with the king (B) the amount of land he owned (C) how many wives he had (D) the number of cattle he possessed 4 The basic Germanic social unit was the (A) comitatus (B) folk (C) clan (D) village 25 The Salic Law of the Franks indicates that German law was concerned primarily with (A) abstract concepts of justice (B) the relationship between Germans and Romans (C) avoiding or reducing violence (D) protecting landed property 26 In general, Germanic law codes reveal that German society viewed woman as (A) relatively equal to men (B) completely valueless (C) revered and even dominant (D) family property 7 The â€Å"Justinian plague† (A) severely weakened the military resources of Byzantium (B) decimated the Muslim armies attacking Byzantium (C) refers to the oppressive nature of Justinian’s Code (D) was the term Italians used to describe Justianian’s attempt to reunify the Roman Empire 28 The historic role of Byzantium included all of the following except (A) as a protective buffer against invasions from the East (B) preserving Classical political and philosophical texts (C) as a contributor to new scientific and mathematical discoveries (D) preserving the scientific texts of the Classical world 9 The biography of Justinian’s wife Theodora featured in â€Å"Individuals in Society,† is an example of (A) the feeble nature of imperial rule in Constantinople (B) a talented individual rising from humble origins to a position of authority (C) the relationship between church and state, known as caesaropapism (D) the decline of religious belief in Byzantium 30 The foreign attacks on the Byzantine Empire from 560 to 718 produced all of the following except (A) increased popular piety (B) recruitment of mercenary armies (C) imperial reorganization (D) enhanced cultural unity 1 In the Byzantine East, apologists for Christianity insisted on (A) harmony between Christian and classical cultures (B) harmony between the Eastern and Western churches (C) the primacy of the patriarch of Constantinople over the Roman pope (D) the primacy of the patriarch over the emperor 32 Byzantine science (A) made great strides in astronomy (B) disproved the Hipprocractic theory of bodily humors (C) concentrated on agricultural and industrial applications (D) excelled at military applications 3 In tenth-century Byzantium, (A) commerce and businessmen were respected (B) political stability was the norm (C) rural ideals permeated society (D) monasteries had little influence 34 Upper-class women in Byzantium (A) were segregated from the outside world (B) enjoyed considerable freedom of movement (C) received an education equal to most men (D) enjoyed equal status with men 35

International Human Ressources the Repatriation Process Essay Example

International Human Ressources: the Repatriation Process Essay Many expatriate employees encounter problems that limit their contribution to the company when they return home. How can we explain these problems and how may a firm reduce the occurrence of such problems? A largely overlooked but critically important issue in the training and development of expatriate is to prepare them for re-entry into their own home country organization. Repatriation is defining as the activity of bringing the expatriate back to the home country. When return at home, expatriates face an organization that doesn’t know what they have done for the last few years, doesn’t know how to use their new knowledge, and doesn’t particularly care. This ‘re-entry shock’ often occurs as people are less prepared for their return home to present problems of adjustment. There are many job-related and social factors which may cause re-entry problems for the repatriate. The prime job-related factors identify is career anxiety due to no post-assignment guarantee of employment. Many firms were not able to offer jobs upon repatriation. Moreover, loss of visibility and isolation is a variable that cause problems for repatriates. For instance, a lack of information or the lack of contact with the home organization may increase the level of anxiety. Changes in the home workplace like merger or acquisition are usually accompanied by job shedding and can affect also the reintegration of the expatriate. Career anxiety is one moderating factor, but others may also lead to work adjustment problems. We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Ressources: the Repatriation Process specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Ressources: the Repatriation Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Ressources: the Repatriation Process specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem is that an international assignment is a condition for career progression for employees, but often there is no position for the repatriate and the re-entry position may be a less challenging job with reduced responsibility and status. This position gives the impression that experiences and skills the employee has acquired during the international assignment are devalued. The third factor is to coping with new role demands. Often, the home country no considers the time passed in the foreign location and the significant changes in expatriate behavior. Then, repatriate has a negative perception of the help and support provided by employers during and after repatriation. The last factor is the lost of status and pay. For instance, in the foreign operation the expatriate was the key decision maker and when he re-entry is treated as another company executive. There are also many social factors that caused re-entry problems. The first factor is the family adjustment. For instance each family member is experiencing their own readjustment problem; the family has also to adapt its lifestyle with its new income. Re-establishing social networks can also be difficult. For example, children can find re-entry difficult particularly if their past friends are in different levels at school to themselves, moved on to another location or made new friends. The repatriation can also have an effect in partner’s career. To reduce the occurrence of problems that encounter expatriates and to maximize the benefits of international assignments, many firms design a repatriation program. A repatriation program can start up to six months prior to the return of the expatriate and up to six months after the expatriate returns home. This program can cover a number of topics like re-entry position and career path assistance, reverse culture shock, establishing networking opportunities, help in forming new social contacts, financial and tax assistance, etc. Some multinational enterprises assign the expatriate a mentor who is usually in a more senior position than the expatriate and knows the expatriate personally. The mentor has to maintaining contact with the expatriate throughout the assignment, maintaining ensuring expatriates are kept up to date with developments in the home country, ensuring expatriates are retained in existing management development programs and assisting expatriates with the repatriation process and position. Others avenues are explored, such a proactive repatriation strategies that consists to invite repatriates to assist in developing repatriations programs like managing expectations, career planning or reorientation programs for example. Repatriates have then a sense that they are not an under-utilized resource and that the firm recognizes they can make a valuable contribution to the expatriation process.

Harlem Renassance essays

Harlem Renassance essays The Harlem Renaissance can easily be compared to The European Renaissance of that began in the 14th century. The European Renaissance included a series of literary and cultural movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. These movements began in Italy and eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of Europe. Participants studied the great civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome and came to the conclusion that their own cultural achievements rivaled those of antiquity. Their thinking was also influenced by the concept of humanism, which emphasizes the worth of the individual. Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education. This education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including poetry, history, rhetoric (rules for writing influential prose or speeches), and moral philosophy. The word renaissance means "rebirth." The idea of rebirth originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline. The preceding era, which began with the collapse of the Roman Empire around the 5th century, became known as the Middle Ages to indicate its position between the classical and modern world. The Harlem Renaissance was an African American cultural movement of the 1920s and early 1930s that was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. Variously known as the New Negro movement, the New Negro Renaissance, and the Negro Renaissance, the movement emerged toward the end of World War I in 1918, blossomed in the mid- to late 1920s, and then faded in the mid-1930s. The Harlem Renaissance marked the first time that mainstream publishers and critics took African American literature seriously and that African American literature and arts attracted significant attention from the nation at large. Alth...

B minor Mass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B minor Mass - Essay Example His positive position in the society had offered him opportunities to improve with his craft, including Mass in B-Minor. The composition is greatly influenced by the composer’s religious views, his personal connections and traditions of his time. About Mass in B-Minor The Mass in B minor was composed by Bach for the Roman Catholic Church. Although it is quite peculiar to think why a devout Lutheran would compose a song for the Catholics, Bach’s relationship with the rest of the society and his roles on it could justify this contrasting idea. The work is consisted of 27 sections divided into four major sections, and six of them are distinctively unchanging and all of which were written in different periods of Bach’s life. Therefore, it is logical to assume that the work is basically â€Å"an anthology† of music written by Bach in the late years of his life (Towe, 1991: 46). The major sections, â€Å"Kyrie,† â€Å"Gloria,† â€Å"Symbolum Nicen um or the Credo,† and â€Å"Sanctus, Hosanna, Benedictus, and Agnus Dei† were written for different purposes in different times; although all of which have a lot to do with the religious proceedings of the Catholic Mass. As how Spitta (n.d.) reviewed the composition, the work is â€Å"the ideal and ‘concentrated presentiment’ of the development of Christianity from Sin (Kyrie), through Atonement with Christ (Gloria), to the Church proceeding from him (Credo) and the memorial supper - the culmination of the doctrine (Sanctus...)† (as cited in Jenkins, 2001); while a lay-man observation would notice the pattern of life Christ followed: birth, death, and resurrection. Kyrie and Gloria Initially, the Kyrie and Gloria were written separately; it was not until 1733 that the two collections were put into one and played in a single setting and became the â€Å"two fifths of the entire work† (â€Å"History,† 2007). Kyrie and Gloria served as a à ¢â‚¬Å"presentation piece to the Elector of Saxony and King of Poland† with whom Bach had indulgence of being the Court Composer (Towe, 1991: 46). The Kyrie is presented to have charming duets of sopranos and interplay or strings and organ (Aylesbury Choral Society, 2004), of which Bach first gained his fame. It started out with a group of choral sopranos, where the ambiance can be best described as an act of awaiting for a predestined suffering; an event where Jesus Christ is particularly famed for. Talbeck (n.d.) noted that the second part of the Kyrie has â€Å"fugal style weaves all voice parts beautifully around the text, portraying a community grounded in hope.† The major sections were divided into several cantatas, which probably were composed also at different times. Most notably, his â€Å"Gloria,† as how the Aylesbury Choral Society (2004) predicts, â€Å"was probably reworked from a now lost instrumental movement.† The cantatas have duets of teno rs, sopranos, a combination of both, and an exploration of other voice ranges to suit the purpose. Symbolum Nicenum The introduction of the â€Å"Symbolum Nicenum† has a slower tempo, where the strings were audibly significant, compared to that of â€Å"Gloria† and denotes ascendance to the throne. The original text is in Latin, but if translated into English, it is known to be the Apostle’s Creed (e.g. Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem as I believe in one God, Father Almighty in English). Thus, the Symbolum Nicenum is also known as the â€Å"

Org Theory & Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Org Theory & Management - Term Paper Example First and foremost, this paper shall provide an overview of FEMA, and then an overview of the human relations and administrative management theories. Secondly, it shall discuss how the theories shed light on any organizational or managerial dysfunctions occurring within the organization. A specific discussion for each theory shall be considered. Thirdly, this paper will consider the guidance that these theories provide for public management today, evaluating how any aspects of the theories can be considered irrelevant. Lastly, this essay shall conclude and end its discussion with a summary and final consideration of the main issues raised. This paper is being carried out in order to secure a thorough and improved understanding of organizations and how adjustments in management can be made with the end goal of ensuring quality organization performance. This theory is also known as the human relations movement and it refers to the groups of researchers who are studying organizational development and the behavior of individuals in groups, mostly in workplace groups (DuBrin, 2007). It was first seen in the Hawthorne studies in the 1930s which evaluated the impact of social relations, motivation, and employee satisfaction in relation to productivity. This theory considered workers in terms of their overall psychology and how they fit into the organization (DuBrin, 2007). In effect, this theory led to the creation of human resource management processes. George Elton Mayo highlighted natural groups, where social elements have priority over functional structures within the organization. He also emphasized upwards communication, one which is also two-way from the manager to the worker and vice versa (Bruce, 2006). Finally, Mayo declares that cohesive and strong leadership is important in the communication of goals and in securing

Strength of material 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strength of material 2 - Essay Example Beams: Beams are often classified according to their ideal support conditions as either simply supported beams or cantilever beams. Beams are subject to bending stresses when loads are applied and experience compressive, shear and tensile forces. A simply supported beam is fixed on two ends. When loading the maximum tensile stress occurs at the midpoint of the bottom edge of the beam and the maximum compressive stress occurs at the midpoint of the top edge. A cantilever beam is supported on one end only and must be built into the wall that supports it. Two forces act on cantilever beams – firstly, a vertical upward force which supports the weight of the beam and any downward loads and secondly ‘the fixing moment’ which prevents the unsupported beam from falling (Eric William Nelson et all, 1997). A beam may be strong enough to resist bending moments set up by its load and yet may sag without collapsing. This is called deflection and is dictated by the elasticity a nd strength of the material used to build it. Columns and Struts: Columns, also known as stanchions support compressional loads along their longitudinal axes. The effective of excessive loading on a column is that the column could cause it buckle or crush like a wall coming down. A ‘short column’ is one whose height is small relative to its thickness is small relative to its thickness. Whether or not the column will remain stable under increasing axial load will depend on the strength of the material that constitutes the column. A ‘long’ or ‘slender’ column has a greater height relative to its thickness. A long column becomes unstable and buckles at a load much smaller than which would crush a short column of the same cross-section and material. This is called the ‘critical load’. Unlike beams, the loading capacity of a column depends less upon the strength of the material of which it is made than upon its stiffness and this decreases with a

Rudolph Christian Karl Diesel :: essays research papers

Rudolph Christian Karl Diesel Rudolph Diesel was born on March 18, 1858 in Paris. On September 4, 1870 Rudolph's family moved to England. In late November they decided it would be better for Rudolph to continue his schooling in Germany so he moved there on his own and stayed with a young professor. The problems Rudolph was trying to solve were the noise, size and unreliability of the steam engine. he wanted to create something that superheated ammonia gas could take the place of steam in a steam engine. He wanted to enable much higher compression pressures to be used than was able with conventional steam engines. In this way he could make greater use of heat energy. Rudolph was 32 when he finally accomplished his goal of creating the first ever Diesel Engine. To create the Diesel engine which made Rudolph famous he had to take the original steam engine and give it exhaust valves water cooling for the cylinder head and barrel and a compressed air fuel-injection system to ensure that the liquid fuel was forced into the combustion space with sufficient pressure to overcome the air in the cylinder. This basic idea of how to go about creating the engine was modified and improved many times before finally prefected in 1896. To do this Rudolph had to have a great understanding of Thermodynamics. He had to know basic principles of engines and how they work. Rudolph got help from many people. Some of the people that helped him are Machine-fabric Augsburg, Gasmotoren-Fabric Deutz and Mannesmann-Werke. It took them six years to finish the Diesel Engine. It was important because it gave a new and easier way of using engines. It gave a way for large vehicles to transport goods safely.

The Struggle between Social Classes

Rich girl marrying a poor boy or vice versa—this is a very recurrent theme in love stories of all times. In the film genre, this theme also serves as a topic of interest as it reveals the conflict between the upper and the lower classes in society. In Jack Clayton’s (1959) film, Room at the Top, the director shows how the struggle between the two classes operates in the British society after the World War II. Depicting a poor man’s struggle as he tries to alter his place in society, the film attempts to mirror the reality that the poor will likely give in to the intention of the rich in view of economic struggle.Analysis of the characterisation, plot, theme, and motifs used in the film provides viewers a better knowledge of the two social classes. Characterisation The beginning of the film strongly suggests representations of the lower class. The main character, Joe Lampton (played by Laurence Harvey) is depicted sitting comfortably on a train, with his feet rais ed on the opposite seat, thus showing his mended socks. The introduction alone shows the man’s class standing, as he cannot afford to buy a new pair of socks, and resorts instead to wearing an old and tottered pair.This attitude of settling with the second best or whatever is available is reflected in his choice of women. Realising the difficulty of having Susan Brown as his girl due to the conflict in their social standing, Joe resorts to Alice Aisgill (played by Simone Signoret), his colleague, despite their big age difference. A number of juxtapositions are presented in the film. For instance, in spite of Joe’s financial incapability as symbolised by the socks, he wears the usual coat and tie as he reports for work.Whilst the first denotes poverty, the other suggests decency. Note that the coat and tie is customary in the British society especially in business affairs. As such, he and his colleagues wear the same type of clothing, which somehow levels off their stat us with that of the rich. Nevertheless, this does not change Joe’s social standing, and the way Susan’s family and friends view him. Based on his position as an accountant in Borough’s Treasurer’s Department, Joe is unquestionably educated.However, this does not necessarily help raise his social status as one belonging to the working class. This implies that it is not enough for a person to obtain education and a white-collared job in order to rise in the social hierarchy. Rather, marriage to a rich girl such as Susan, the daughter of a factory owner, could change one’s fortune as proposed later in the film. Juxtaposition is likewise established between the characters. For instance, Joe’s character is presented in opposition with Susan’s suitor, who is influential and sociable.Joe, being a newcomer in the Dufton, seldom socialises with his colleagues, and instead relates closely with a few of them, including Alice, whom he falls in lo ve with later. He is also seen in contrast with Susan, the girl who attracts him a lot. Their social standing primarily draws the line between them. Whilst Joe needs to work hard and establish connection with his colleagues, Susan does not need to work, and instead spends her time acting in local theatre. Also, whilst Joe transfers to Dufton to obtain employment, Susan is free to go on vacation as she pleases.Moreover, juxtaposition is also established between the two female characters, Alice and Susan. Aside from the women’s ages and marital status, they also differ in social status, in that Alice is an average office worker, whilst Susan is the daughter of an owner of a factory. This social difference between the two results in a struggle between them as Susan gets pregnant. Although Joe loves Alice more, and has planned to marry her, Mr. Brown’s (Susan’s father) proposition convinces Joe to change his mind, thus making way for the bourgeois to win over the pr oletarian.In addition, Alice’s former marriage to their colleague also makes less favourable, especially since her former husband would not agree to divorce. Considering this, the film does not only present struggles between social classes; it also demonstrates struggles based on gender as the women’s fate depends on Joe’s final decision. Further to the contrast between Alice and Susan, the former demonstrates more freedom of will, as she does things she likes, ie, shifts career, separates from her husband, and establishes relationship with Joe.Her habit of cigarette smoking throughout the film shows Alice’s easy-going and independent character; although it reflects her tensions in life at the same time. In contrast, Susan is pictured as a fresh and young girl, healthy-looking and innocent. Her social status prevents her from associating with the lower class, such as Joe, but it does not ultimately defeats her will to be independent. Plot The plot of the film supports the idea of struggle between the social classes. It shows a single unified structure, with the conflict appearing near the end, as Joe decides to marry Susan due to the latter’s pregnant condition.His decision conflicts with his wish to marry Alice. Thus, when the latter finds out, she gets totally devastated, and drowns in her sorrow and alcohol, which later leads to her death by car accident. Earlier in the story, Susan’s parents try to separate her from Joe by making her take a vacation. This motive demonstrates the struggle between social classes, in that the bourgeois discriminates the other, by preventing marriage between them. Later on, as Mr. Brown realises his daughter’s condition, he tries to buy off Joe, and offers to make him rich if Joe does what he commands.Initially, Joe exercises his pride and rejects the offer, but realising that Alice cannot be married with him, and that life with Susan would make his life comfortable, he agrees t o the proposition and marries Susan. As such, the class struggle is evident. Mr. Brown uses his money and power to buy off Joe. For his part, Joe cannot disagree with Mr. Brown for he sees this opportunity to escape his current social status. Being Susan’s husband, Joe does not need to work anymore, and all else will go smoothly because Susan is very wealthy.However, just as Joe attempts to escape his own social structure, he is haunted by it, with the death of Alice. Along with the proposition of Mr. Brown to make Joe a rich man is the defeat of the proletarian class. As Joe accepts the offer, he disremembers Alice’s sacrifices and love for him. What is sadder about it is knowing how little time it takes Joe to decide about leaving Alice. As shown in the film, everything happens over one dinner, too short a time to change plans or think things over; thus implying the power of money to further establish social injustice and discrimination, and in turn disregard social equality.Theme The main theme of the film, which is the struggle between social structures, relates to Marxist perspectives. Specifically, the presence of the two opposing structures, the bourgeois (as presented by Susan and her family) and the proletarian (Joe, Alice, and the other employees) implies the conflict in the film. As Marx & Engels (1848) claim, there is a social struggle that exists between the bourgeois or the middle class, â€Å"that sprouted from the ruins of feudal society,† and â€Å"established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.† In the film, as Mr. Brown gives Joe the marriage proposal, he implies designing Joe’s entire life—his marriage and career, in order to make sure it fits the structure that Susan is born with. Such plan illustrates â€Å"a new condition of oppression,† a new form of struggle for the proletarian. Physical attraction is what leads to the theme of socia l struggle. Everything starts as Joe becomes attracted to Susan and vice versa. Indeed, the two social classes would not conflict with each other if not for Joe’s feelings for Susan.In this consideration, one may see that the effort to reach or blend with another social class may result in a much worse conflict between them. However, such conflict could later lead to â€Å"permanently changing social relations within the system† (Strasser and Randall, 1981, p. 44). Thus, Susan’s pregnancy leads to â€Å"the development of new patterns of social relations,† between him and the Browns. Suddenly, Susan’s parents accept Joe as their daughter’s husband, owing to the reputation that they try to maintain in society.Motifs As mentioned above, the proletarian or working class is given focus in the film. Clayton uses realistic setting and motifs to depict the lives of the working class of the 50s. Amongst these include the dark, small houses where Ali ce and Joe spend their love affair, the male boarding house where Joe resides with her friend Soames, the local train which characterises the transportation means of the common people, and Joe’s seemingly abandoned house where he brings Susan the night they elope.The use of realistic setting thus emphasises the life lived by the proletarians. Juxtaposition is likewise applied to the setting. When Joe visits Susan, he is amazed by the huge house, which consists of the long halls, partitioned rooms, and the big lawn. Servants are available any moment they are needed. This is in full contrast with Alice’s place, which is dark and small. Aside from setting, the behaviour of the characters likewise mimics the ways of the working class.For instance, cigarette smoking is used vehemently throughout the film, giving impression of the start of the â€Å"new wave† era (Wickham, n. d. ), although such practices may be deemed destructive of the image of the working class. Li kewise, the affair between workers despite being committed is also hinted on, which reveals the low regard for morality of the said social class. Furthermore, the Alice’s fate at the end also reveals the proletarian’s lack of strength to face reality, the tendency to be alcoholic, and the low self-esteem amongst them.In contrast, the ways of the bourgeois are seen in better light. They are dressed neatly on each occasion; specifically, Susan’s mother shows modesty by the way she behaves and carries herself even whilst at home, whilst Susan shows coyness towards Joe. However, the proletarians are pictured with more social dynamics than their counterpart. This is seen as Soemes introduces Joe to their officemates. Everyone, despite their positions in the company, welcomes Joe with glee, whilst Susan’s suitor intimidates him.During the party where Joe and Susan meet again, the guests seated with the Browns look at Joe with contempt, after finding out that he does not belong to their social circle. In sum, whilst the proletarians are depicted as misguided and weak, the bourgeois are seen as virulent and vile. The monotonous music that the director employs does not entirely affect the whole of the film, yet it helps highlight important scenes such as the introduction, the falling in love and break up between Joe and Alice, the news about Alice’s death, the wedding, etc.Likewise, the actors’ costumes, which are limited to office and home settings, depict the simplicity of the people in the 50s. The director’s effort to make everything look realistic, from the setting, the costumes, the love scenes, the dialogues to the props, allows the viewers to see the film in a realistic perspective. Moreover, the plot structure, which shows the dilemma of a man in choosing between the woman he loves but cannot possess and the woman who merely attracts her but is prepared to be his wife, adds to the realism of the film.The only el ement that seems irrelevant yet not impossible is the time when Joe encounters the mob just before his wedding. This scene is irrelevant to the plot, but may have been added to achieve catharsis. Since Joe is the cause of Alice’s accidental death, he is made to pay for what he does before he marries Susan. Despite the irrelevance of the mob scene to the plot, it nevertheless presents other aspects of the proletarians.As depicted in the film, the men that beat Joe are not scavengers; rather, they are working men, considering the way they are dressed up. Based on this scene, the proletarians in the British society are pictured as ruthless just like the bourgeois who would buy off people’s freedom in order to make their daughter happy. As Joe decides to leave Alice for Susan, the film once again shows that in the face of struggle between the two classes, it is usually those in the upper class that emerge as the winner, leaving behind the poor at the losing end.References Marx, K. & Engels, F. (1848) The manifesto, Available at [Accessed on 23rd July 2009]. Room at the Top (1959) Directed by Jack Clayton, London, British Lion Films [video:DVD]. Strasser, H. & Randall, S. (1981) An introduction to theories of social change. London, Routledge. Wickham, P. (N. d. ). Room at the Top (1958). Available at [Accessed on 23rd July 2009].

Selected Quotations by Amelia Earhart

Amelia Earhart was a pioneer in aviation, and set a number of records for firsts for women. In 1937, her plane disappeared over the Pacific, and while there are theories about what happened to her, there is not certain answer even today. Selected Amelia Earhart Quotations †¢ About her first airplane ride: As soon as we left the ground, I knew I had to fly. †¢ Flying may not be all plain sailing, but the fun of it is worth the price. †¢ After midnight the moon set and I was alone with the stars. I have often said that the lure of flying is the lure of beauty, and I need no other flight to convince me that the reason flyers fly, whether they know it or not, is the esthetic appeal of flying. †¢ Adventure is worthwhile in itself. †¢ The most effective way to do it, is to do it. †¢ I want to do something useful in the world. †¢ Please know that I am quite aware of the hazards. Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be but a challenge to others. [Last letter to her husband before her last flight.] †¢ Women must pay for everything. They do get more glory than men for comparable feats. But, they also get more notoriety when they crash. †¢ The effect of having other interests beyond those domestic works well. The more one does and sees and feels, the more one is able to do, and the more genuine may be ones appreciation of fundamental things like home, and love, and understanding companionship. †¢ The woman who can create her own job is the woman who will win fame and fortune. †¢ One of my favorite phobias is that girls, especially those whose tastes arent routine, often dont get a fair break.... It has come down through the generations, an inheritance of age-old customs which produced the corollary that women are bred to timidity. †¢ After all, times are changing and women need the critical stimulus of competition outside the home. A girl must nowaways believe completely in herself as an individual. She must realize at the outset that a woman must do the same job better than a man to get as much credit for it. She must be aware of the various discriminations, both legal and traditional, against women in the business world. †¢ ... now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done -- occasionally what men have not done -- thereby establishing themselves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action. Some such consideration was a contributing reason for my wanting to do what I so much wanted to do. †¢ My ambition is to have this wonderful gift produce practical results for the future of commercial flying and for the women who may want to fly tomorrows planes. †¢ In soloing -- as in other activities -- it is far easier to start something than it is to finish it. †¢ The most difficult thing is the decision to act, the rest is merely tenacity. The fears are paper tigers. You can do anything you decide to do. You can act to change and control your life; and the procedure, the process is its own reward. †¢ Never do things others can do and will do if there are things others cannot do or will not do. †¢ Never interrupt someone doing what you said couldnt be done. †¢ Anticipation, I suppose, sometimes exceeds realization. †¢ There are two kinds of stones, as everyone knows, one of which rolls. †¢ Worry retards reaction and makes clear-cut decisions impossible. †¢ Preparation, I have often said, is rightly two-thirds of any venture. †¢ Amelia is a grand person for such a trip. She is the only woman flyer I would care to make such an expedition with. Because in addition to being a fine companion and pilot, she can take hardship as well as a man -- and work like one. (Fred Noonan, Amelias navigator for the around-the-world flight) †¢ A single act of kindness throws out roots in all directions, and the roots spring up and make new trees. The greatest work that kindness does to others is that it makes them kind themselves. †¢ Better do a good deed near at home than go far away to burn incense. †¢ No kind action ever stops with itself. One kind action leads to another. Good example is followed. A single act of kindness throws out roots in all directions, and the roots spring up and make new trees. The greatest work that kindness does to others is that it makes them kind themselves. †¢ I lay no claim to advancing scientific data other than advancing flying knowledge. I can only say that I do it because I want to. †¢ For the economic structure we have built up is all too often a barrier between the worlds work and the workers. If the younger generation finds the hurdle too absurdly high, I hope it will not hesitate to tear it down and substitute a social order in which the desire to work and learn carries with it the opportunity to do so. †¢ Like many horrid children I loved school, though I never qualified as teachers pet. Perhaps the fact that I was exceedingly fond of reading made me endurable. With a large library to browse in, I spent many hours not bothering anyone after I once learned to read. †¢ It is true that there are no more geographical frontiers to push back, no new lands flowing with milk and honey this side of the moon to promise surcease from man-made ills. But there are economic, political, scientific, and artistic frontiers of the most exciting sort awaiting faith and the spirit of adventure to discover them. †¢ In my life I had come to realize that when things were going very well indeed it was just the time to anticipate trouble. And, conversely, I learned from pleasant experience that at the most despairing crisis, when all looked sour beyond words, some delightful break was apt to lurk just around the corner. †¢ Of course I realized there was a measure of danger. Obviously I faced the possibility of not returning when first I considered going. Once faced and settled there really wasnt any good reason to refer to it. Poem by Amelia Earhart Courage is the price thatLife exacts for granting peace. The soul that knows it notKnows no release from little things:Knows not the livid loneliness of fear,Nor mountain heights where bitter joy can hear the sound of wings. Nor can life grant us boon of living, compensateFor dull gray ugliness and pregnant hateUnless we dareThe souls dominion.Each time we make a choice, we payWith courage to behold the resistless day,And count it fair. Letter from Amelia Earhart to Her Husband In a letter she gave to her future husband, George Palmer Putnam, just before their wedding in 1931, Earhart wrote: You must know again my reluctancy to marry, my feeling that I shatter thereby chances in work which means so much to me. In our life together I shall not hold you to any medieval code of faithfulness to me, nor shall I consider myself bound to you similarly. I may have to keep some place where I can go to be myself now and then, for I cannot guarantee to endure at all times the confinements of even an attractive cage. I must extract a cruel promise, and that is you will let me go in a year if we find no happiness together. About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote. More Women Pilots If youre interested in Amelia Earhart, you might also want to read about Harriet Quimby, first woman licensed as a pilot in the United States; Bessie Coleman, the first African American to earn a pilots license; Sally Ride, the first American woman in space; or Mae Jemison, first African American woman astronaut.   More about women pilots is found in the Women in Aviation  Timeline, and more about women in space in the Women in Space timeline.

The Marshall Plan

Initially announced in 1947, the Marshall Plan was a U.S.-sponsored economic-aid program to help Western European countries recover following World War II. Officially named the European Recovery Program (ERP), it soon became known as the Marshall Plan for its creator, Secretary of State George C. Marshall. The beginnings of the plan were announced on June 5, 1947, during a speech by Marshall at Harvard University, but it wasn’t until April 3, 1948, that it was signed into law.  The Marshall Plan provided an estimated $13 billion in aid to 17 countries over a four-year period. Ultimately, however, the Marshall Plan was replaced by the Mutual Security Plan at the end of 1951. Europe: Immediate Post-War Period The six years of World War II took a heavy toll on Europe, devastating both the landscape and the infrastructure.  Farms and towns were destroyed, industries bombed, and millions of civilians either killed or maimed.  The damage was severe and most countries didn’t have enough resources to help even their own people. The United States, on the other hand, was different.  Because of its location a continent away, the United States was the only country that did not suffer major devastation during the war and thus it was to the U.S. that Europe looked for help. From the end of the war in 1945 until the beginning of the Marshall Plan, the U.S. provided $14 million in loans. Then, when Britain announced that it could not continue to support the battle against communism in Greece and Turkey, the United States stepped in to provide military support to those two countries. This was one of the first actions of containment outlined in the Truman Doctrine. However, recovery in Europe was progressing much slower than initially expected by the world community.  European countries compose a significant segment of the world economy; therefore, it was feared that the slow recovery would have a ripple effect on the international community.   Additionally, U.S. President Harry Truman believed that the best way to contain the spread of communism and restore political stability within Europe was to first stabilize the economies of Western European countries who had not yet succumbed to communist takeover.   Truman tasked George Marshall with developing a plan to carry out this goal. Appointment of George Marshall Secretary of State George C. Marshall was appointed to office by President Truman in January 1947.  Prior to his appointment, Marshall had an illustrious career as the chief of staff of the United States Army during World War II. Because of his stellar reputation during the war, Marshall was viewed as a natural fit for the position of secretary of state during the challenging times that followed.   One of the first challenges Marshall faced in office was a series of discussions with the Soviet Union regarding the economic restoration of Germany.  Marshall could not reach a consensus with the Soviets regarding the best approach and negotiations stalled after six weeks.  As a result of these failed efforts, Marshall elected to proceed with a wider European reconstruction plan. The Creation of the Marshall Plan Marshall called upon two State Department officials, George Kennan and William Clayton, to assist with the construction of the plan.   Kennan was known for his idea of containment, a central component of the Truman Doctrine.  Clayton was a businessman and government official who focused on European economic issues; he helped lend specific economic insight into the plan’s development. The Marshall Plan was crafted to provide specific economic aid to European countries to revitalize their economies by focusing on the creation of modern post-war industries and the expansion of their international trade opportunities.   Additionally, countries used the funds to purchase manufacturing and revitalization supplies from American companies; therefore fueling the American post-war economy in the process.   The initial announcement of the Marshall Plan occurred on June 5, 1947, during a speech Marshall made at Harvard University; however, it did not become official until it was signed into law by Truman ten months later.   The legislation was titled the Economic Cooperation Act and the aid program was called the Economic Recovery Program. Participating Nations Although the Soviet Union was not excluded from participating in the Marshall Plan, the Soviets and their allies were unwilling to meet the terms established by the Plan.  Ultimately, 17 countries would benefit from the Marshall Plan.  They were: AustriaBelgiumDenmarkFranceGreeceIcelandIrelandItaly (including the Trieste region)Luxembourg (administered jointly with Belgium)NetherlandsNorwayPortugalSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited Kingdom It is estimated that over $13 billion dollars in aid was distributed under the Marshall Plan.  An exact figure is difficult to ascertain because there is some flexibility in what is defined as official aid administered under the plan.  (Some historians include the â€Å"unofficial† aid which began after Marshall’s initial announcement, while others only count aid administered after the legislation was signed in April 1948.) Legacy of the Marshall Plan By 1951, the world was changing. While the economies of Western European countries were becoming relatively stable, the Cold War was emerging as a new world problem. The rising issues related to the Cold War, particularly in the realm of Korea, led the U.S. to rethink the use of their funds.   At the end of 1951, the Marshall Plan was replaced by the Mutual Security Act.  This legislation created the short-lived Mutual Security Agency (MSA), which focused not only on economic recovery but also more concrete military support as well.  As military actions heated up in Asia, the State Department felt that this piece of legislation would better prepare the U.S. and its Allies for active engagement, despite the public mindset that Truman hoped to contain, not combat communism. Today, the Marshall Plan is widely viewed as a success.  The economy of Western Europe rebounded significantly during its administration, which also helped to foster economic stability within the United States. The Marshall Plan also helped the United States prevent the further spread of communism within Western Europe by restoring the economy in that area.   Concepts of the Marshall Plan also laid the foundation for future economic aid programs administered by the United States and some of the economic ideals that exist within the present European Union. George Marshall was awarded the 1953 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in creating the Marshall Plan.

Alice In Quantumland 2014 - 2027 Words

Alice in Quantumland, speaks about a law of the quantum world, which shows that electrons have no distinguishing features except for their spin. This law being all electrons are identical, except that some spin-up, whereas others spin-down. The electrons even spin at the same speed. This allows them to interact harmoniously with each other and to find pairs within their space based only on each other s spins. In the novel, Alice noted that nearby was another similar looking figure to the electron, to which the new acquaintance explained was a different electron. In the story, this principle is illustrated by some electron-beings carrying umbrellas which are either pointed up, and some electron-beings carrying their umbrellas pointed†¦show more content†¦The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that no particle can have â€Å"well-defined† clear values for both position and speed; consequently, no particle can be stationary because any stationary particle would have a clearly defined speed value of zero. In the analogy presented by Gilmore, electrons are able to obtain loans of energy from their local bank, allowing them to exist. The energy they are loaned becomes their rest mass energy. This principle, perhaps, is the most difficult to compare to the macro world. The idea that there exists a quantity or measurement--for lack of a better word--that cannot be measured is difficult to reconcile with the average human mind. Though there exist equal realms of ambiguity and no definite in the macro world, such as justice and legality, or emotion and rationality (as provided by Gilmore), the notion of an immeasurable quantity is one many cannot grasp. This places the Heisenberg uncertainty Principle most at odds with the macro world, as in the real world, humans go about their existence with definite: For example, the bus will arrive to take a man to work at 09:05; a day is 24 hours long, America gained its independence in the year 1776, and ther e are 8 periods in our school day. That is to say, humans take solace in the definite of numbers--as a source of definite when all else is seemingly variable and perhaps even more so when everything

Yummies Restaurant Business Plan Free Essays

string(140) " contacts in more than eighty restaurant openings, and, importantly, are heavily active in the Barking Dagenham restaurant industry\." 1Executive Summary 1.1Description of Business The restaurant business strategy will be an open disclosure of Yummies business proposal. The intention will be to establish practical business expectations, as well as to eradicate uncertainties regarding the profitability of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Yummies Restaurant Business Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entrepreneurs often optimistically forecast their restaurant business plan, underlining the benefits and disguising the potential risks. Business owners display a vested interest and economic dedication towards the business’ success. Our aim is to construct a definitive business, financial and marketing plan to satisfy all capital financing requirements, and can be implemented every day. Every precaution has been taken to validate the business and economic models, with a particular aim towards realistic expectations, with the use of market research and existing business theories. 1.2Finance Required ?55,000 will be the total amount of capital that will be needed to commence with the Yummies business. ?50,000 of this will be start-up capital with the remaining money used for a reserve on business operations. This strategy will be submitted so that a ?25000 business loan can be attained. This will be utilised for Equipment purchases, as well as Design, Construction, and Operational Start-Up expenses. Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya, the owners, will be supplying ?24,000 of personal capital. Part owners have a non-managerial focus and other Private Investors will supply ?6,000. The owner’s responsibility is the personal liability for financial debt. Crucial precautions have been established to make sure the business can be completely capitalised. These will address the economic faults, and guarantee the business’ start-up to be successful. 1.3Business Differentiation The plan appropriates â€Å"variety†, â€Å"ambiance†, â€Å"entertainment† and â€Å"efficient staff† to form feelings of â€Å"place†, as recommended by Lynn (2009). This will help us to fulfil our targets of overall value within the restaurant market. By generating fair profits for owners and investors, we will also create a rewarding working environment for the workforce. The model and values that we will use for the business operations are: â€Å"Unique, Innovative Contemporary†: Establishing an original fine dining experience to separate our business from competitors. Our business aims to be individual and different to other local restaurants, primarily experienced through our innovative design and â€Å"electric† decor. â€Å"Product quality†: providing excellent service, food, and ambience. â€Å"Spice of Life† Menu: Our chose of foods is aimed to appeal to a variety of clients. The diverse menu will offer African regional specialties, from: Fried Meat with Potato Balls, Jollof Rice, Fried Rice, Eba, Amala. Pounded Yam, Cow Beef, Goat Beef etc. â€Å"Employee Retention Focus†: Retaining the workforce and establishing programs of development is a main aim, and model for a successful business (Napier, 2006). Using these, the business can employee highly skilled and trained professionals and establish a committed workforce. The business has accounted for a stock option program, to implement for Chef and Management roles. This will subsidise the lesser salary base and reduce initial overheads. It will also invite skilled employees, as recommended by Williams (2010). â€Å"Cost Control Focus†: Expenses will be constantly managed, and without exception. â€Å"Cost Control† will become integrated to the running of the business. It is a function that looks at handling numbers, assessing the figures that affect the bottom line (Williams, 2010). 80% of a restaurant’s success is determined before the business is even running (Lynn, 2009). The aim of our business will be to lessen cost of goods sold to satisfy the profit margin targets. This will be achieved by balancing these vital cost factors: â€Å"Purchasing†, â€Å"Receiving†, â€Å"Storage†, â€Å"Issuing Inventory†, â€Å"Rough Preparation†, â€Å"Service Preparation†, â€Å"Portioning†, â€Å"Order Taking†, â€Å"Cash Receipts†, â€Å"Bank Deposits† and â€Å"Accounts Payable.† The business will deploy the restaurant business plan to trace the actual expenses against the forecasted expenses. Restaurateurs are always on the lookout for innovative methods to separate their restaurant from the competition (Zapoli, 2005). This will give them the competitive advantage over rival businesses. We have identified a gap in the market within the West Midlands for an African Restaurant which delivers quality food to the right target market of African students, entrepreneurs and adults; something that is contemporary and entertaining. We believe that Yummies satisfies these criteria. 1.4Business Credibility As mentioned, entrepreneurs are renowned for creating optimistic restaurant business plans; looking at potential benefits and overlooking dangers or risks (Reuvid and Millar, 2003), and according to Zapoli (2005), business owners display a vested interest and economic dedication towards the business’ success. Our aim is to construct a definitive business, and a financial and marketing plan that can satisfy the capital financing requirements, and can be implemented every day. Every precaution has been taken to validate the business and economic models, with a particular aim towards realistic expectations. These have been accomplished by: A financial model that is built on industry statistics and not optimistic predictions. Expenses are based upon our experience of industry and practical situations with other businesses. This will be validated by the National Restaurant industry cost averages (National Statistics, 2010), as well as the assessment of West Midlands’ market averages. Collective statistics are considered to produce solid business predictions (Zapoli, 2005). The business concept derives from in depth Market Analyses. Rather than building a business based around a preconceived idea, we examined market research to construct a concept that is based around clients. The business looks to appeal to an unmet client â€Å"want.† A buffered financial strategy that provides suitable capitalization. A contingency buffer will be part of the initial expenses to makes sure the restaurant is suitably financed. This will offer the restaurant suitable funds to maintain the business for the initial six months in the restaurant’s life-time. Our current business knowledge confirms that there are prolonged â€Å"ramp-up† stages for restaurants, compared to retail or service based businesses (Mintel, 2009). New entrepreneurs sometimes make the mistake of not addressing this issue within their business plan. Effective Risk Mitigation Plan. By assessing the traditional and non-traditional dangers that are linked to restaurant failure, we have accounted for such risks within the business plan. Rather than dismiss such dangers, we located valid mitigation strategies. Deep Management Experience. We believe that it is important that our management team has more than fifteen years combined experience, contacts in more than eighty restaurant openings, and, importantly, are heavily active in the Barking Dagenham restaurant industry. You read "Yummies Restaurant Business Plan" in category "Essay examples" 2The Company and its Industry 2.1Purpose of the Company 2.1.1 Mission Yummies aims to be an innovative restaurant, which fuses a diverse menu with an engaging ambience. We aim to provide high quality food and services, with the client’s satisfaction a top priority. We anticipate that the typical type of customer for Yummies will be men and women, old and young individuals, as well as couples and singles. 2.1.2 Objectives Yummies’s targets for the initial 5 operating years are: Maintaining food expenses to be less than 35% of revenue. Develop the Gross Margin from 65.41% to 67.10% by the second year. This is a realistic target; the â€Å"stretch† will be to get 70.73% by the third year. Maintaining labour cost is between 25% and 27% of the total sales. Stay an innovative restaurant with excellent food and service. Averaging sales between ?525000 to ?630000 per annum. Developing the Yummies business as an innovative Midtown restaurant. Increasing the marketing and advertising within West Midlands. This will also include nearby regions to expand customer base. Attaining profitable investment return for investors from the second year to the sixth. 2.2Company founders and Skills sets This business will begin as Yummies Limited, owned by General Manager and Executive Chef, Paul Sangosanyaa, and Managing Partner Ajetunmobi Ajayi. Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya both have experience within the restaurant industry, which is based on their experiences in Nigeria. Mr. Sangosanya, a proficient restaurateur, owned many full-service restaurants. Mr. Sangosanya currently owns Currys Restaurant in Ijebu-Ode, and Mr Biggs in Lagos. He is the international Restaurant Consultant for Chicken Republic and Pizza hut. Mr. Ajayi is qualified in Restaurant and Hotel Management and has experience in International Business Management. He also helped Mcdonalds fast-food chain to become a major London restaurant. This branch was identified as a top 10 restaurant during his management between the years 2002 and 2010. 2.3Competitive Differentials â€Å"Unique, Innovative Contemporary†: Forming a unique, innovative and high quality dining experience to separate our restaurant from our competitors. We will achieve this through our innovative design and decor. Also, the restaurant will provide a high quality dining atmosphere. â€Å"Product quality†: excellent food, service, ambience. â€Å"Employee Retention Focus†: Retaining the workforce and establishing programs of development is a main aim, and model for a successful business. Using these, the business can employee highly skilled and trained professionals and establish a committed workforce. The business has budgeted for a stock option program, for Chef and Management positions. This will subsidize the lower salary base and reduce the initial overhead and also invite skilled employees. 3PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Yummies food will set out to be that which blends the best of all African cuisines from all parts of Africa. The menu is intended to have a range of varieties, which will change every 6 months, but still have traditional specials. Our kitchen staffs and main house staffs will be well trained in food preparation, presentation and their approach to customers thereby providing a high quality service. We will ensure that all customers will also be provided with a nice environment that is comfortable, relaxing an appealing thereby giving them a unique restaurant experience. 3.1YUMMIES MENUS Our menu would offer several different courses, which will come with choices for a fixed price. This will include starters and appetizers, main course deserts and African cocktail drinks. Our starters and Appetizers menu will include: Chin Chin Plantain chips Suya with pepper sauce or Goat cheese dip Sausage rolls Pepper soup which can be served either goat meat, cow leg or cat fish Small chops Puff puff Fried meat with potato balls Our main dish menu will include: Jollof rice, which can be served with a side order of either chicken, beef or fish White rice, which can be served with a side order of either chicken stew, beef stew or fish stew Fried rice, which can be served with a side order of either chicken, beef or fish Coconut rice, which can be served with a side order of either chicken stew, beef stew or fish stew Eba (cassava puree), which can be served with any of the soup and stew side orders Amala, which can be served with any of the soup and stew side orders Iyan, which can be served with any of the soup and stew side orders Semovita, which can be served with any of the soup and stew side orders Fufu, which can be served with any of the soup and stew side orders Ewa Dodo (black eyed peas with plantain) Our side order menu will include: Stew and Soup Efo (also known as vegetable soup) Obe ata (also known as bell pepper soup) Obe Eja tutu (also known as fish and pepper stew) Ogbhona soup (this is stew that is thickened with Obghona nut) Vegetables and Beans Moin Moin ( also known as steamed Beans pudding) Obe Ila (also known as stewed Okra) Obe Ewedu (also known as simmered mellow greens) Dodo (fried plantain) Poultry, Beef and Seafood Chicken Turkey Cow beef Goat beef Prawns Titus fish Cat fish Sardine fish Our drinks, cocktails and beverages menu will include: Five Alive Zobo Traditional African Palm wine Multina Malta Guinness Gulder Coke Fanta Sprite Our Desert menu will include: Coconut ice cream in strawberry or cinnamon Coconut swirl ice cream with pineapple sauce Orange chocolate Parfait ‘la’ Afrique Accra banana peanut cake Tapioca Pudding Congo sweet oranges 4TARGET MARKET 4.1MARKET ANALYSIS After conducting a market research, it was found that most traditional African restaurant businesses are not set on customer satisfaction, rather they emphasize more on the culture (Mintel, 2009). Furthermore, it was found that customers are particular about pricing, the restaurant experience and the variety of the menu (Mintel, 2009). Also, in light of the recent financial crisis, most customers would be very particular about the quality of the service they receive in relation to the price they are charged, especially now that most people would be more conscious of the amount they have saved. Yummies restaurant is priced very reasonably with a maximum main menu price of 12 pounds. The appeal and structure of the restaurant i.e. decoration, bar, waiting time, and service are also factors that are mostly considered by customers as they also contribute to the overall experience. In the West Midlands, ethnic restaurants are increasing due to the continuous introduction of international cookbooks, recipes and the massive in flow of imported food stock (National Statistics, 2010). This has created a window of opportunities for various ethnic restaurant establishments, an opportunity that Yummies intends to take up. As a result of this market analysis, it is Yummies’ plan to give customers a very good price for a good experience in the restaurant and a find food choice to choose from. 4.2TARGET MARKET Yummies restaurants aims to cater to different segments of the market, and this includes tourists during the summer period. Yummies restaurant is guaranteed to be a destination, as it will have the necessary attractions, environment and our variety of African cuisine. A vast amount of the tourists are singles, open to new experiences and looking to be well entertained, especially with the upcoming 2012 Olympics. Our target market is ranged between the ages of 25-45. This is because they are set within the working class and the upper class BC1 income bracket according to the social stratification meaning they have more disposable income and are likely to spend more (Mintel, 2009). We will also be attracting the business class as our contemporary setting and atmosphere will be perfect for business meetings and the overnight business lodger. Our restaurant service is also not limited to the West Midlands, but aims to draw attention from other parts of the UK. These are the destination customers that seek a different environment or couples on a date night who want time alone and are open to try out something new rather than what they are normally used to. 4.3SERVICE BUSINESS ANALYSIS The restaurant industry is very competitive at every market segment demands experience. Majority of new restaurants tend to struggle or collapse due to inexperience and bad management. However, the successful ones are those which a concrete knowledge of the market requirements (Zapoli, 2005). Restaurants and successful businesses generally make good profit by making use of economies of scale for instance, the use of inexpensive ingredients (lower cost price) to make creative cuisines at an increased selling price (Jorgensen, 2003). We intend to incorporate this at Yummies by using cost effective ingredients, but not compromising on the quality. We would source lasting products such as bags of rice and beans in wholesale, so we can get a cheaper price for them, whilst also sourcing diminishable products like Pepper and Tomatoes from local producers, so they are always fresh. 4.4STATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION Yummies restaurant’s approach is straightforward. Our proposed success is to be achieved through an addition of excellent service and finest cuisine in an atmosphere that is welcoming to a wide range of customers. Our main forte is customer satisfaction and creating brand awareness in the Midland area, which will later expand to other parts of the UK. We intend to be well detailed in explaining who we are, the standards we stand for and what our goals are to our customers in order to build a reputation that can easily be spread across. We would be approaching an existing market of customers, with existing products, as we expect that there are already competitors within the West Midlands area that provide the same sort of services we do. Therefore our main strategy, as represented in the Ansoff Matrix (Ansoff, 1957), would be to penetrate the market and establish our base. We intend to achieve this feat by differentiating our services based on quality, thus adopting a value differentiation focus (Porter, 1985), as opposed to one that was based solely on price or quantity. By focusing on differentiation in order to penetrate the existing market, Yummies would be distinguishing itself from competitors by selling itself as the prime place to be, a restaurant that values the quality of its services and food, and would always be happy to leave every customer happy. Also, this strategy has been chosen as opposed to a broad based value strategy based of the capital investment required to target a larger audience in the West Midlands. Such a capital investment would typically involve having a larger restaurant, or launching several restaurants, both of which are not immediately financially viable. Furthermore, adopting a cost focus strategy is not financially viable, due to the emphasis Yummies aims to place on the quality of food sold within its restaurants. In order to deliver quality, we can not do so as a start up restaurant. Furthermore, as argued by Grant (2000), the cost focus strategy is usually more ideal for established businesses, as smaller busine sses cannot necessarily compete with larger competitors based solely on price. 4.5COMPETITORS The major competitors will be Debulge, Somaga and The Den restaurants as they have been in prior existence. Debulge restaurant is the only one that attracts a reasonable amount of customers, but has a location disadvantage, comfortable atmosphere and an overall minimal size. This can be said for the other two competitors as well. The advantage that Yummies will have over the known competition will mainly be its location as its going to be set in an area where there is a large mixture of both local and international individuals, hence promising a diverse demographic. This location area is a popular tourist attraction area, thereby making Yummies an obvious choice. Even though the competitiveness of Yummies Restaurant is not totally dependent on the location advantage, we believe that it gives us a suitable platform to launch ourselves, as it also offers free marketing. Tourists and Passerbys would have a look at the display boards and immediately know it is an African restaurant, and for those that are hungry, or just crave something to eat at that point in time, we would be an ideal location to visit. Furthermore, the ambience and service delivery, along with the food quality they experience whilst at the restaurant would give them enough incentive to return and refer us to friends and family. This is the free sort of marketing and service delivery that Binks and Ennew (1997) recommends for small businesses that are just starting up, as it gives them the chance to built a market following easily and rapidly. 5Marketing, PROMOTION AND SALES 5.1Building and Signage The fundamental marketing tool that we will deploy will be the design and signage at the exterior of the building. Also, restaurant’s sign would include adequate information about the name of the restaurant and the services we provide. We also intend to invest in substantial renovation work and decor to produce an innovative aesthetic style for Yummies. 5.2Customer Service: Based on market research, and the owners’ previous experience in the restaurant industry, customer service is a considerable factor in influencing the popularity, and success of top restaurants. The quality of the food and ambience is over-shadowed by excellent customer service. It is this kind of approach that ensures our client’s continuously return. Wait-staff will be trained by the management to offer a high standard of service, to ensure that our clients are happy and enjoy their experience at our restaurant. These wait-staff must be skilled and well-trained. Every ninety days the wait-staff will have to undergo a performance appraisal; as outlined in the Employee and Operational Manuals, and recommended by Zapoli (2005). 5.3Advertising and Promotion: The Advertising strategy and media schedule will utilise newspapers and other local publications to target various customer groups, such as singles, couples, and destination customers. Management acknowledges that extensive media promotion is significant to a restaurant’s immediate success. However, this should be an aggressive campaign to complete the service targets. A suitable budget will be allocated for the initial year. A large section of this will be allocated for media promotion, and to build a â€Å"customer buzz† in the thirty days before the restaurant opens. This will be maintained for three months after the opening day. 5.4Media Objectives and Strategy: Formulating an image as: â€Å"a unique Midtown restaurant with great service, value, and great food, served in an eclectic atmosphere.† Efficiency will be maximised through the selection and scheduling of promotion by: Choosing popular business publications that have large specific market penetration; this will get our business out to the entire target demographic. Scheduling a suitable occurrence of adverts to affect the market using items from the menu as well as promotions. Place adverts around entertainment and food editorial publications. Attracting clients to the business using our restaurant website, encouraging clients to sign up for future functions, V.I.P lists, reservations, as well as flash media promotions. Maximizing advertisement life-span through publications that are published every week and month. Maintain a consistent reach and frequency across the year; we will aim certain customer segments within a five-mile radius, and new â€Å"suburbanites†, who enjoy high quality, in-town dining. 5.5Promotional Campaign An efficient manner in which potential clients can be reached is to create an effective advertising campaign. We will look to promote our restaurant using the concept of â€Å"Spice of Life.† Additionally, the business will earn recognition from the local press, and public announcements. The website will be used as an incentive to get clients to sign up or to come to the restaurant. The website will use flash media which underlines the business, recent events, future events, and our diverse menu. Assessments of the periodic customer surveys and weekly menu item sales helps to comprehend the forms of advertisements which are being successful, and those which are failing. This will also give us an idea of the customers that we are reaching with our advertising campaign. The primary objective is to comprehend the client and to study the levels of success that our direct marketing and media activities have generated. This will also aid us in effectively redirecting our campaign. 5.5.1 Publicity Strategy: These are the publicity strategies deployed by Yummies: Create and maintain public relations, with contact with editors and personnel at local restaurant publications. Establish constant and consistent package update program for the primary objective media, making sure that editors are side by side with the business promotions. Build relationships with editorial staff of such press, so our advertisements and business can be promoted in local â€Å"round-ups,† as well as offering product comparisons for restaurant publications and local newspapers. Create a Yummies record, with a menu that can be implemented as a main device to improve PR, and will be part of the press kits. 5.5.2 Press Release/Grand Opening: A number of press releases will be given during the â€Å"Grand Opening† of Yummies Restaurant: â€Å"Editorial Visitation†: Prior to the restaurant’s opening, and during the initial six months of operations, the restaurant will send out invitations to significant editors and journalists from the local press so that they can come to the restaurant and experience our high quality food, service and atmosphere first-hand. â€Å"Publicity Revenues†: It is forecasted that about 10% of the yearly sales will come from the restaurant’s publicity: a complete media kit will go to the local press, as will updates on menu items, which will be issued every month. â€Å"Community†: Yummies aims to work with the local community development organisations. Also, we will contact radio stations so that we can have another medium in which to interface with potential clients. There will be a constant effort made to find local community programs that the business can participate. We believe that it is healthy policy to â€Å"give something back.† â€Å"Marketing Program†: The restaurant will operate three marketing strategies to advance the public’s awareness of Yummies: In-Restaurant, Public Relations, and Media Marketing. A significant strategy will be the â€Å"word-of-mouth/in-restaurant† marketing; an affordable and effective marketing programs. â€Å"Restaurant Night†: We will organise a certain night for local restaurant owners, chefs and staff to talk about the contemporary market patterns restaurant people. This will be held on the first Monday of the quarter. We will look to invest in a co-operative effort to promote the Barking Town Centre; whilst it seems that there would be a conflict of interest here, this is an attempt to develop the patronage of the town. â€Å"Monthly Dating Connection†: As the online world continues to grow, Internet and speed dating has become a popular function and the business will run monthly â€Å"date nights.† Data packages will be sold in an auction alongside the normal range of food and drinks. â€Å"Wait Area Marketing†: Wait-staff serve appetizers to clients on the wait list. â€Å"Special Events†: Live Entertainment parties Seasonal Holidays: Valentine’s Day, New year’s Eve, Mother’s Day etc. Yummies Halloween Masquerade party Wine tasting weekend 5.6Public Relations Marketing Barking Hospitality Tourism V.I.P. Party: The restaurant intends to stage a â€Å"V.I.P. Dinner† prior to its â€Å"Grand Opening.† The dinner should help to train staff and will also introduce the new restaurant to the community. We will use the Chamber of Commerce, West Midlands Hospitality Tourism, and Midlands Town centre Development group to draw up an invitation list for the â€Å"Grand Opening.† If we secure the favour of these people, it will surely benefit the restaurant to gain popularity. Critics’ Choice: Before the â€Å"Grand Opening†, two parties, designed to accommodate the Media and the Critics community, will be asked to come and to provide an assessment of our service, food and ambiance. This is a preliminary review, as constructive criticism is considered to help make improvements and other revisions before we have the â€Å"true Grand Opening.† The results of these reviews from critics and the media commentary will influence the success of Yummies and towards the penultimate design. Brochures: Produced for in-town hotels, business establishments etc. This will be given to to guests and staff, and will display images of the restaurant’s interior, as well as display the menu and prices. Government Relations: Government offices within the West Midlands region will be contacted about catering for their company’s lunch services, as well as for private functions. This strategy will give the restaurant a greater â€Å"visibility† and potentially ensure us with future work. It will also improve the rate of â€Å"Word-of-mouth† referrals, which, as mentioned, are influential methods of increasing popularity, especially in the business community. Private Functions: As above, we will look to target businesses so that we can provide them with lunch services, dinner entertaining, and private functions. 5.7Media Marketing Newspaper campaign: A large part of our media campaign is for the restaurant to be published in the Entertainment and Dining columns in the local press. Additionally, updates of live entertainment events and other special events can be displayed on the newspaper’s calendar. Restaurant and Special Events Website: This is an important marketing tool. Therefore we have employed a local designer to produce a top-quality, easily navigated and well-maintained website. Billboard Advertisement: Thirty days prior to the â€Å"Grand Opening†, innovative billboard adverts are to be hosted; these will publicise the launch of Yummies. Inner Outer City Marketing: The restaurant is budgeted to appeal to potential clients from the suburbs. Sales Strategy Customers are provided selections of innovative, high quality foods, within a comfortable atmosphere with top-rate service. This experience will be maintained every day, so that the customers enjoy this experience every time. The restaurant’s marketing strategy invites local critics and clients through the doors. The sales strategy motivates clients to become come again and, more importantly, to improve the â€Å"word of mouth† about Yummies, as they inform their friends and family about the high quality dining experience they had at our restaurant. However, young restaurants generally succumb to two key errors: one is when a restaurant is unprepared for the â€Å"Grand Opening†, and the clients endure slow service or low quality food. This will inevitably discourage them from coming again. The other mistake is if the restaurant invests too much into the â€Å"Opening†; in these circumstances, the restaurant often finds that it is hard to maintain the levels of quality that the customers who attended the â€Å"Grand Opening† expects to receive on return visits. Like the first mistake this results in a decrease in â€Å"word of mouth advertising†, and, therefore, generates unsatisfactory income. Yummies’s sales strategy is to provide top standard food, service, and ambience. This is be achieved through: The employment of top quality staff, who enjoy working at the restaurant and value the benefits of working for Yummies. Evaluating and assessing the standard of what is mentioned above, and, therefore, dealing with any issues that are identified. Communicating with customers in a personal manner; this makes them feel that their comments and opinions are listened to and are not dismissed. Assessing popular food choices and maintain the most popular ones on the menu, despite rotating seasonal foods and specials Sales Forecast. These marketing strategies are based on recommendations adopted from Williams (2010); Zapoli (2005); and Mason and Stark (2004), on effective ways of marketing start-up restaurants, especially new restaurants in existing areas where competition is meant to abound. By approaching and adopting these methods, we aim to have built a reasonable customer base within the first 3 months of opening the restaurant. Both owners would be in charge of putting these strategies into motion, and ensuring that there is a wide enough audience for the restaurant, in such a manner that it promotes sales and sustainability, without necessarily spending too much of the budget on marketing. 6 6.1Web Plan Summary Yummies has a dedicated website that will act as â€Å"virtual business card† for the restaurant. The design is simplistic, yet modern. The website displays the Yummies menu, prices, as well as any articles, reviews or latest events associated with the restaurant. It is planned that there will be a â€Å"Paparazzi Review† to be published every month, and this will cover that month’s events and the strategies that the business employed to invite new customers into the restaurant. The site will also promote special offers, and there will be an online order feature for the â€Å"Sunday Market Brunch.† Should this feature prove to be successful, then there is the potential for further expansion. The website will offer customers the chance to place an order and pay using their credit card. The range of food that will be available for order will be selected from the pre-packaged meals that will be made available as part of the â€Å"Sunday Market Brunch.† We have also considered potential catering jobs. The Yummies site will have e-mail features which will permit the customer to make online reservations, or book dates for special events. 7Management and Operations 7.1Management Summary The highly skilled Yummies management team will help make the restaurant successful. The team comprises a number of individuals who have adopted various disciplines, and have professional skills and understanding in the restaurant business; such as marketing and restaurant management. As mentioned, Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya both have a wealth of knowledge and experience of the restaurant industry. In the second year, Yummies plans to recruit a General Manager to deal with everyday Restaurant management and will help the development of the business. It is well known that investor confidence cannot be created from optimistic predictions; it has to built on actual success. The Yummies team have a lot of experience with the restaurant industry, and between them, have enough knowledge and practical experience to help ensure the restaurant is successful. 7.1.1 Management Team Yummies values the significance of a strong core management group and has over forty-eight years of experience between its main officers; this is because a successful business is founded in such a group. Everyday operational management is to be run by Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya; they will have the support of the Advisory Board. 7.1.2 Ownership Management Together, Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya have more than twenty years of restaurant experience. Ajetunmobi Ajayi: Managing Director (Managing Director) Ajayi displays an accomplished history in the restaurant business. He displays outstanding business acumen as well as an intense enthusiasm for restaurants. With more than seventeen years business management within the I.T industry, Mr. Ajayi has seen success by exploiting popular patterns with constant evaluation of quality assessment. Yummies anticipates Mr. Ajayi’s knowledge of everyday â€Å"cash-flow† planning and staff management to be a great asset for the business. Co-owner, Mr. Ajayi has experience in International Business Management and Business Start-ups. Qualified in Restaurant and Hotel Management, he is also accountable for Yummies’s route and the operational management of the restaurant. Ajayi has been proven to be effective at strategic planning. He is to be the management lead for all public relations, financial and investor services. Paul Sangosanya: Executive Director (Executive Chef) Having owned many full-service restaurants in the past, Mr. Sangosanya is a proficient restaurateur. Accountable for everyday operations management, managing the annual sales targets of ?5 million, Mr. Sangosanya owns the Bauhaus Bar and Nightclub, and used to own the Myth Restaurant, Ouzeri, and Kapilyo Restaurant. Every one of these restaurants were financial and critical successes. Sangosanya’s is an international restaurant consultant for important international organizations, he is a responsible individual. He take contracting responsibilities for Yummies. His role will include: â€Å"logistics, Site and Lease Negotiations, Concept Definition, Start-Up and Financial forecast, Menu and Operations Management, as well as Implementation and Launch Management.† Mr. Sangosanya has an Economics degree. He will be charged with planning the Restaurant Operations, Staff Selection, Menu Definition and Training initiatives. 7.2Managing Partner Responsibilities Both managers will handle the development of the menu as well as the certification of the Yummie’s economic responsibilities. The managers will co-ordinate, develop, and act out the customer service policies. They will also plan and enforce an â€Å"Employee’s manual† for workforce-related policies. Grant (2000) states that the owners and managers of any startup are largely responsible for setting up guidelines and procedures through which the organisation would run and remain functional, which is a function both founding partners at Yummies restaurant have taken ownership for. The operations managers are tasked with recruitment duties and the decisions regarding employment will be made between them. 7.3Personnel Plan The Personnel Plan is believed to be in â€Å"good proportion† in relation the size of Yummies and the anticipated revenues. It is believed that the staff will comprise five full-time and two part-time employees. They have to work for two hundred and fifty man-hours per week. This will produce an average monthly gross range of ?9180 – ?12,720 for Year 1. Anticipated gross yearly payroll of ?135,280 is a quarter of the entire sales figures. The wages of the service personnel does not account for tips. Kitchen: The Executive Chef and an Assistant Chef, Prep cooks/dishwasher, People cleaning the restaurant. 7.4Restaurant Operations: Mr. Ajayi is responsible for handling Financial Management, Bookkeeping, PR/Media Advertising, Investor Services and daily Restaurant Operations. Mr. Sangosanya, the Restaurant Manager, will be in charge of everyday Restaurant Operations and is the Executive Chef, who co-ordinates with the Head Chef. He will also be in charge of the Wait and Bar Staff. Mr. Sangosanya will be aided by servers/apprentices who are responsible for service and will maintain the upkeep of the restaurant. Full-time Servers(2) Servers that work as apprentice (2) Full-time apprentice bartender(1). Part-time bartender (1) Full-time apprentice busboy (2). Part-time busboy(1) Operating Criteria Yummies is to be situated in the West Midlands. Here it will service lunch, dinner, and after-hours dining seven days a week. Yummies will function at the peak service times. This is to profit from street traffic, as well as the after-hour patronage provided by the local entertainment facilities. Service will be available at: Lunch:Monday to Saturday, 11 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Dinner: Monday to Saturday, 5:30 p.m. – 12 midnights Sundays – Market brunch takeout only. 7.5Important Assumptions The financial plan is dependent upon significant assumptions: many of these are indicated within the following financial statements. Yummies is wary about their projections, and look to include mitigation of the manageable risks. Here are the primary underlying assumptions: 7.5.1 Economy â€Å"Slow Economic Recovery†: It is predicted that the recovery from the economic recession will be slow. 7.5.2 Business Growth â€Å"Annual Growth Rate Percentage†: It is predicted that the restaurant will see modest growth within the initial years of operation, and these have been calculated as 10% annually over the first five years, owing mostly to increasing popularity and a possible expansion into other regions. 7.6Risk Analysis/Mitigation Adequate launch period and capital The restaurant’s financial plan is budgeted to accommodate the â€Å"Worst-Case business scenario.† We dealt with the financial risks by: Considering the monthly break-even. Calculating â€Å"worst-case† monthly financial shortfall, as given by the ramp-up sales percentages that is given by the financial assumptions. Budgeted the operational shortfall within an operational contingency budget that will be implemented when the situation demands it. Gaps in Resources and Knowledge of Industry The owners, Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya, have more than twenty years of combined Restaurant Management, Operations and Business Management Experience. Yummies is looking to employ a seasoned chef to fit in with the restaurant’s image. The restaurant will offer an equity interest to our select Chef to maintain the industry knowledge. An accounting service will be contracted to a firm specialising in Restaurant accounting. Market Conditions The initial plan was to create a restaurant that was almost double the size of what the current one is. However, because of the economic recession, we had to reduce our business overhead, start-up requirements, and business operating capital. Additional risk mitigation strategies were implemented and this has been our general business concept. The restaurant’s menu is deliberately priced at a â€Å"mid-tier† level to allow people to eat at a high quality restaurant on a lower budget. Location Site selection was based on space, visibility, and functionality; the city grant award confirmed our decision. The Consulting group’s experience of site selection and lease negotiation will be of great use. Whilst the location is not guaranteed, the restaurant took an objective approach towards the concept. Rather than progressing with a predefined business concept, the requirements were defined through market analysis. Yummies’s concept was created based on this, and was tailored to suit Barking Town Centre. 8STARTUP EXPENSES ? Restaurant Design Fees Consultancy 10,000 Restaurant Equipments 10,000 Chairs, Tables, Cutlery and Uniforms 3,000 POS Terminals 1,000 Information Technology and Consulting Fees3,000 Legal Fees1,500 Permit Fees and Business License2,700 Liquor Licenses 600 Utilities, Disposal, Tax Insurance250 Initial Lease and Security Deposits 1,800 Web Site Construction1,000 Marketing, Staff Training and PR2,500 Start-Up Salary for Staff and Chefs4,000 Staff Recruitment 800 Inspections 550 Cleaning and Clearing Services400 Total Costs43,100 Assets Cash 5,000 Inventory Cost 2,100 Other 500 Fixed 4,300 Assets 11,900 Total Assets 55,000 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Total25,000 Capital Capital Investments Required Mr Ajayi12,000 Mr Sangosanya 12,000 Investor 1 6,000 Capital 30,000 Capital and Liabilities55,000 Gross Funding 55,000 9 FINANCIAL FORECAST 10. REFERENCES Ansoff, I. H. (1957) Strategies for Diversification, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 35 (5), pp.113-124 Barrow, C., P. 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(2004) what do Investors Look for in a Business PlanA comparison of the Investment Criteria of Bankers, Ventures Capitalists and Business Angels, International Small Business Journal, 22(3), 227-248 Mintel (2009) Eating Out Meal Occasions – UK – September 2009, www.mintel.com, accessed: 17/02/2011. Napier, H. A. (2006) Creating a winning business, Cengage Learning, London, UK, 444pp National Statistics (2010) Region in Figures – West Midlands, www.statistics.gov.uk, accessed: 17/02/10 Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive Strategy, The Free Press, New York Reuvid, J., Millar, R. (2003) Start Run your own Business, London, United Kingdom, Kogan page Williams, S. (2010) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2010 (23rd ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Zapoli, J. R. (2005) How to succeed in the Restaurant Business: Crunching Numbers – now that’s the bottom line, iUniverse, New York, USA. 211pp How to cite Yummies Restaurant Business Plan, Essay examples